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Frustrated and locked down, residents of Shanghai have taken to social media to vent, questioning the practicality of persisting with China's zero-tolerance approach to COVID-19 in its most populous city.

In the home to 26 million people, videos and images of crowded quarantine centres were shared as authorities extended lockdown from the east of the city to parts of the west, posting calls for help with medical treatment and purchasing food.

One video widely shared on Chinese social media featured an angry exchange between a group of patients and hazmat suit-clad healthcare workers at the vast Shanghai World Expo Center - temporarily converted into a giant quarantine facility.

"We demand an explanation!" the person filming the video shouts in the video.

"There's repeated cross-infection here, there's no water in the toilet, poo and pee everywhere, it's all a mess!"

Shanghai authorities on Sunday abandoned a targeted approach and announced a two-stage lockdown after the total number of new local cases reached closed to over 13,000 in nine days. On Wednesday, officials reports new daily cases jumped by a third on March 29 compared with the previous day. 

While the numbers are small by global standards, China's "dynamic clearance" approach means that all people who test positive are sent to central quarantine centres or hospitals. Close contacts and neighbours must quarantine at home.

Shanghai's distribution of millions of self-administered antigen testing kits to detect cases quickly, which China only approved this month, has also sown some confusion and fear.

One person who self-tested positive on Saturday, along with 10 work colleagues, told Reuters on Wednesday he was still waiting to be transported to a central facility despite repeated calls to a COVID hotline. He declined to be named citing privacy reasons.

Others expressed frustration over access to medical care and complained about difficulties in purchasing food as delivery services were overloaded. Authorities have pledged to keep food supply channels open and ensure people receive essential medical treatment.

A man surnamed Cao told Reuters his father had not been able to access dialysis treatment after the hospital he usually visits was shut due to COVID controls.

"As relatives of patients, we are extremely helpless," he said, declining to give his full name out of privacy concerns.

The Shanghai government declined to provide immediate comment, citing epidemic control work.

To be sure, China's approach has broad domestic support, and many see its approach as successful in keeping COVID case counts and deaths extremely low in China while it has killed more than 6 million people worldwide and infected 480 million.

But given the vast majority of cases in Shanghai have thus far been without symptoms, there have been calls to reexamine the feasibility of "dynamic clearance" in the city given the strain on public resources.

"'Targeted prevention and control' is the undisputed king when the number of cases is small," commented an internet user using the handle hemuch, whose posting on experiences in central quarantine went viral.

"But now that the virus has spread so widely and so easily, is it possible to slowly reduce the resources used for tracking and tracing And release the resources being used for asymptomatic cases who do not need treatment?"(Reuters)