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Today in history (10)
April
Indonesian Air Force was part of the Aviation Department of the People's Security Forces. The Air Force was founded on April 9 1946, along with the founding of Indonesian Armed Forces (TRI). In history, April 9 was commemorated as the Founding of Indonesian Air Force, National Aviation Day, and then Indonesian Air Force Day.
January
The accident of Space Shuttle Challenger occurred on January 28, 1986, when the space shuttle exploded 73 seconds after being launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida.
This incident was broadcast live on US television and witnessed by a lot of people. The accident resulted in the death of seven astronaut crews.
One of the astronauts trained by NASA was a civilian, a teacher named Sharon Christa McAuliffe. The plan was that she would become the first civilian in the world to explore outer space.
January
On January 26, 1950, India's system of government was changed to a republic. Three years earlier, in August 1947, the Indian nation declared its independence from British rule. After going through various internal conflicts between Muslims and Hindus, finally in 1949 the Indian Constitution was formulated and a year later the Republic of India was born. The power to regulate government in India is mostly in the hands of the Prime Minister who is directly elected by the people.
January
On January 14, 2016 there was a Terror Bombing and shooting incident in the area around Plaza Sarinah, Jalan MH Thamrin, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia.
The explosion occurred in two places, namely the Menara Cakrawala parking area, the building at the north of Sarinah, and a police post in front of the building.
Four attackers and four civilians were killed and 24 others injured in the attack. Seven people were involved as perpetrators of the attack, and the ISIS organization claimed responsibility for the attack.
January
Chemical Weapons Convention is an arms control treaty that outlaws the production, stockpiling, and use of chemical weapons. This Convention was signed in Paris, France on January 13, 1993. and administered by the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW).
The Chemical Weapons Convention prohibits the large-scale use, development, production, stockpiling, and transfer of chemical weapons. Very limited production for research, medical, pharmaceutical, or protective purposes is still permitted. At first, 165 countries have signed this Convention and 65 of them have ratified it. Now, the Convention has been signed by 193 countries.
January
The African National Congress (ANC) is a center-left political party in South Africa. This party ruled in South Africa since it gained majority power in May 1994. It was established on January 8, 1912 in Bloemfontein to protect the rights of South African colored people. Some of its founders are Albert Lutuli, the winner of Nobel Prize Awards, poet and author Sol Plaatje and John Dube. Until 1923, this party was named South African Native National Congress. ANC is the only one party which has governed South Africa since 1994. The support reduced a bit in the general elections in 1999, but they regained more vote in the following 2004 elections.
January
Theodore Roosevelt is the 26th US President. He took office twice from 1901 to 1909. Before becoming a president, Roosevelt was the US Vice President under President William McKinley. He replaced William McKinley who was assassinated. He became the youngest US president at the age of 42.
September
The Mars Observer known as the Mars Geoscience / Climatology Orbiter was a robotic spacecraft with a mass of 1,018 kilograms launched by NASA on September 25, 1992. It was the first robotic mission sent to study the surface, atmosphere, climate, and magnetic field of Mars. However, this mission failed and lost communications on August 21, 1993, three days before the mission entered orbit, so any attempt to restore communications at that time was declared a failure.
September
Tragedy of Semanggi Two: Yun Hap, student of University of Indonesia was shot
Written by Nur YasminSemanggi-Two tragedy occurred on September 24, 1999. Yap Yun Hap, a student and eleven people were killed and 217 were injured.
Yap Yun Hap was an Indonesian activist who was shot by irresponsible personnel of armed forces, when he staged a demonstration at Semanggi, South Jakarta. He was a student of the Department of Electrical Engineering majoring at the University of Indonesia in 1996. He was buried at Pondok Rangon cemetery in East Jakarta.
The tragedy started from the public’s protest on the implementation and agenda of the Special Session that caused the death of civilians. About 17 civilians died on the first Semanggi One on November 11-13, 1998 where people and students protested against Indonesia's transitional government.
September
In July 1943, after the Allied Forces successfully hit Italy and then occupied Sicily, King Vittorio Emanuele III, along with the Italian National Fascist Council resigned and captured Mussolini. After Mussolini was overthrown, King Emanuele III then discussed a ceasefire with the Allies. When the ceasefire was agreed by both sides, Nazi Germany quickly invaded northern Italy and freed Mussolini from prison and founded the Italian Social Republic (RSI). The RSI proclaimed independence on 23 September 1943 and claimed its territory was the entire old mainland of Italy. This state was supported by the Republican Fascism Party. By law, the capital of the Italian Social Republic is Rome, but the de facto, the central of the government was in Salò.