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Primaduta Award for Lebanese Businessman (0)
The Indonesian Embassy in Beirut has acknowledged its continued support for trade cooperation improvement between Indonesia and Lebanon. Indonesian Ambassador to Lebanon Hajriyanto Y Thohari gave the Primaduta Award to Lebanese businessman and importer, George R Fattouh. The award was given for his service in helping market Indonesian products in Paris from the Middle East. The award was given at a ceremony at the Indonesian Embassy in Beirut, Thursday (11/1) Fatough, is the owner of George R. Fattouh S.A.L, a business that has been importing Indonesian products since the 1980s. It has a range of products, including: palm oil and its derivatives, oil and fats (including cocoa butter substitute, fat spread, hydrogenated palm kernel oil, and lauric confectionery fats), cardboard, stationary, and school equipment. Some Indonesian products are now even available at famous retail networks, such as Spinney’s and Carrefour. In 2022, the value imported by George R. Fattough S.A.L of Indonesian products, was 981.3 million USD. This was a 149.5 million USD increase when compared to 2021. Fattouh said Indonesian products are known for their quality and are in high demand in Lebanese markets. However, he said, the challenge now is increasing freight costs due to security challenges in the region.
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Garulina (0)
Listeners, a number of delicious dishes were served to the guests of Dhaup Ageng Pura Pakualaman Yogyakarta, at the wedding reception of the youngest son of K.G.P.A.A. Paku Alam X, namely B.P.H. Kusumo Kuntonugroho with Laily Annisa Kusumastuti which was held on January 10, 2024.Head of the Customs and Accommodation Division, Dhaup Ageng Pura Pakualaman, KRT Radyo Wisroyo said that the menu served to guests was quite varied. These menus are typical menus prepared by Pakualaman Pura, Indonesian menus and western food menus were also available. All invited guests including VIP and VVIP guests got the same menu. The first menu served to welcome guests, namely two types of welcome drink, namely lime lemongrass and ginger drink with lime. The welcome drink was given when guests sat down and watched the Bedhaya Sidamukti and Bedhaya Kakung Indrawidagda dance performances. Next, they gotsnacks for appetizer such as croquettes and other light snacks. There is a snack that is considered quite special and rare called Garulina. Garulina was the opening snack at the Pahargyan Dhaup Ageng Pakualaman lunch on the first day. Garulina has been around since the era before Indonesian independence. Garulina is actually not a typical Central Javanese food. It looks like the Lapis Legit layered cake, but there is something different, because there is a special layer like vla which is made from fresh milk, eggs and sugar. To get this sweet snack, Pakulaman Temple has to place a special order from the third generation of makers who have been pioneering since the 1950s. In Jogja, Garulina is very difficult to find and is considered rare because it is not sold every day.
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April
On April 2, 2018, Indonesia’s permanent representative for ASEAN, Ambassador Ade Padmo Sarwono handed over credential to Secretary General of ASEAN, Dato Lim Jock Hoi in Jakarta. At the event, ASEAN Secretary General Jock Hoi conveyed appreciation on support, cooperation and important role of Indonesia in ASEAN, including support for the construction of the new ASEAN Secretariat Building. It is hoped the new building will encourage more ASEAN meetings in Jakarta and strengthens Jakarta city as Diplomatic Capital in the Southeast Asian region.
Indonesian Ambassador to Seoul, Umar Hadi visited Incheon, one of regions where many Indonesian migrant workers work in fishery sector on Sunday (1/4). The Indonesian Ambassador met the Indonesian migrant workers several hours before they sailed to hear their experiences. On the occasion, Ambassador Hadi asked all Indonesian migrant workers, especially who work in the fishery sector, to protect their health and work safety. He also reminded them to begin preparing business when they return to the country.
Two Indonesian young designers raised the Indonesian pride in fashion. Velika Hillary and Cinderella Natali got an opportunity to exhibit their works in “Shanghai Fashion Week 2018 “. The two Indonesian designers were members of 17 students of Raffles Design Institute who participated in Shanghai Fashion Week 2018. Hybridity is chosen as the name of the collection carried by Cinderella Natali. It was inspired by her identity which is he got from various tribes and culture without forgetting her root and origin but also not bound on elders’ culture. Like diaspora Indonesia who are spread out in various countries and socialize with various kinds of tribes and culture she still loves Indonesia and become part of world citizens. Consular Associate of Social and Culture information of Indonesian Consulate General in Shanghai, Radityo Panjaitan who attended the event, expressed his pride for the participation of Indonesia in one of Shanghai Fashion Show annual events. This appreciation was given to Velika and Cinderella and also Raffles Design Institute. The Indonesian consulate hoped the two designers can increase their role and enliven Indonesia’s fashion show and also bring Indonesian good image in the world by combining Indonesian design and culture with global design in their works.
April
Craft industry in South Kalimantan grows rapidly and absorbs nearly 40 thousand employees. Most of them are women. Chairman of regional national craft board of South Kalimantan province, Raudhatul Jannah Sahbirin Noor said in Banjarmasin on Friday that based on the data, there were almost 20 thousand craft businesses in South Kalimantan in 2017. The increase cannot be separated from guidance and coaching from the board. She also said that her side keeps trying to accelerate the board’s programs, especially in improving quality of craft industry. The board of province, regency and city continue to increase various craft products, especially based natural resources that surround the neighborhood, such as Purun craft industry, various kinds of processed water hyacinth plant, which have been in demand from domestic and abroad.
Regional government of South Solok in West Sumatera province involves state-owned enterprise in conducting renovation and revitalization in Seribu Rumah Gadang area. One of the state-owned enterprises, Natour hotel manages hotel industry in Indonesia. It is even ready to manage hotel if the regional government to be able to invite investor which is ready to conduct physical development. President Director of Indonesia Natour hotel, Iswandi Said stated on Friday (30/3) that lodging concept which can be developed in South Solok, especially Seribu Rumah Gadang area, is homestay. Later, Gadang houses which have been revitalized are ready to be 3-star homestay. Regent of South Solok, Muzni Zakaria said that Seribu Rumah Gadang area in Nagari Koto Baru has 138 units of Gadang house. 40 units of them are moderately to undergo severe damage. Earlier, President Joko Widodo instructed to revitalize those traditional houses.
North Buton of Southeast Sulawesi province develops 10 Varieties of Organic Red Rice. Regent of North Buton, Abu Hasan said in Kendari on Friday (30/3) that there are 10 local Red Rice Varieties which are developed at all districts in North Buton. Abu Hasan said that so far, red rice has been nly developed naturally by villagers at Kambowa and Bonegunu districts. He also mentioned that around 400 hectares of organic rice are ready for harvest. Due to good market, his side encourages people to plant red rice whose economic value is higher that the white one.
April
The General Review Indonesia-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (IJEPA) which has been issued since 2015 is targeted to be finished at the end of 2018. It was discussed in the 7th meeting of joint agreement committee in Nusa Dua, Bali on March 28 to 30. Indonesian delegation was led by Director General of International Trade Agreement at the Trade Ministry, Iman Pambagyo. Japanese delegation was led by Deputy Director General of Foreign Affairs Ministry, Keiya Lida. Iman said in the meeting that the implementation of the agreement since 2008 has been evaluated. Based on the evaluation, the two countries will make Joint Report which includes recommendation to make the agreement more appropriate to the recent situation. Indonesian delegation viewed General Review as the opportunity to bring the economic relations of the two countries to higher level. Japan and Indonesia have established close relations in various fields so far and the agreement is strengthening the partnership between the two countries. Therefore, the Indonesian delegation always emphasizes that the the review has to be mutual benefit for both countries.
Indonesian Ambassador to Islamabad, Iwan Suyudhie Amri invites one of the key authority institution supervisors of processed products of palm oil, Punjab Food Authority (PFA) to increase market of Indonesian palm oil products in Pakistan. The step aims at strengthening sustainable economic and trade cooperation of Indonesia and Pakistan. According to Iwan Suyudhie Amri, more than 80 percent of Pakistani palm oil requirement is imported from Indonesia. He also said that the problem and the issue faced by Indonesian palm oil are different and unique in every country of destination export so that it needs strong efforts of palm oil diplomacy in those countries such as Pakistan, with the contribution of foreign exchange of more than $1.6 billion dollars. Ambassador Iwan Suyudhie also said that involving Punjab Food Authority is mportant because its function is health authority supervisory body of food and beverage products in Punjab province as a leading province in Pakistan and also becomes the main contributor in the agricultural, industrial and service sectors.
Indonesian Embassy in Kuala Lumpur invites Executive Board Management of the Special Branch of Muhammadiyah in Malaysia to develop education for Indonesian migrant workers. The invitation was conveyed by Attache of Education of the Indonesian Embassy in Kuala Lumpur, Prof. Ari Purbayanto when meeting with the chairman of Muhammadiyah in Malaysia, Dr. Sonny Zulhuda along with his staffs in Kuala Lumpur on Saturday (31/3). They met and discussed the people’s learning center. Through the program of learning center, the Indonesian Embassy in Malaysia tried hard to help Indonesian migrant workers in Malaysia to get their rights of education with free of charge. Later, the migrant workers can get certificate which is viewed paralel with elementary school, junior high school, and senior high school. Chairman of Muhammadiyah in Malaysia, Dr. Sonny Zulhuda conveyed that his office will try to help the Indonesian Embassy in Kuala Lumpur in order the program can run well according to the target.
March
Unima (Union Internationale de la Marionnette) Indonesia commemorated the 'World Puppets Day' which was held in Central Java Pavilion, Taman Mini Indonesia Indah (TMII), Jakarta, Wednesday (21/3/2018). The event was held in cooperation between Unima Indonesia and Pavilion of Central Java and TMII Central Java Community. It was enlived byperformances of "Potehi Puppets" of Rumah Cinta Wayang, Wooden Dolls (from Samosir "Sigale-gale") and Shadow Puppets "Kikis Tunggarana" by Ki Sutrisno. The event was also attended by Dadi Pudumjee (President of UNIMA International), Karren Smith (from Australia / UNIMA International Secretary General), and Runjena Panday (from India).President of Unima Indonesia, TA. Samodra Sriwidjaja said the commemoration is a follow-up of UNESCO's recognition of Indonesian puppets as 'A Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity'. He said this event was held ahead the International Congress and the World Puppets Festival in Gianyar Bali in April 2020 which will be attended by 90 member states of Unima International.
The Indonesian Consulate General in Hamburg held a business matching in the field of furniture between five Indonesian furniture businessmen and their partners in Hamburg, Germany, on Tuesday (20/3). The event was opened by the Consul General of Hamburg and attended by 5 companies engaged in furniture in the working area of the Consulate General of Hamburg and officials of the German Import Promotion Desk (IPD).In the one on one meeting German furniture entrepreneurs in the working area of the Consulate General of Hamburg expressed interest in the products offered by Indonesian businessmen. This would be followed up with further communication via e-mail and also scheduled visit to furniture factories in Indonesia.On 21 March 2018 Indonesian furniture entrepreneurs visited the warehouse and showroom belonging to one of the German businessmen in Hannover, to explore the possibility of cooperation using the company's facilities as a hub and display of Indonesian furniture products.
Gamelan Students at Vancouver's School for Contemporary Arts at Vancouver's Simon Fraser University (SFU) gained a unique and rare experience when they had the opportunity to collaborate with Smiet Abdul Hamied, a maestro dancer from Central Sulawesi, who was in Vancouver in a coaching clinic with West Canadian artists, Wednesday (21/3).The collaboration featured two dances namely Salonde Dance involving 7 musicians and 7 dancers and Topeaju Dance featuring 13 musicians and 9 dancers. Salonde dance is a union of music and the motion performed on Balia ritual and has a historical background as a medium for medicinal purposes. In this dance Smiet Abdul Hamied useda Laloveflute accompanied by drum beat from Central Sulawesi called Gimba and gong from Javanese gamelan. According to Smiet, the movement on the Dance of Salonde is an expression of gratitude to the creator and also at the same time, joy and happiness because there are relatives who are involved in the ritual process.The second collaboration featured Topeaju Dance, as a dynamic form of motion and music.
March
Footwear export from Bali in various designs during January 2018 underwent an increase by 85.75 percent compared to December 2017. Head of the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) of Bali province, Adi Nugroho in Denpasar on Saturday said that the foreign exchange earnings compared to the same month of the previous year also increased by 109.27 percent, since January 2017 ,
Adi Nugroho added that the footwear that comes from the skillful hands of Balinese craftsmen penetrates overseas markets. They include shoes and sandals for all ages, both men and women,and are most absorbed by the United Arab Emirates, Australia, Singapore, the USA, China, Japan, Germany and Spain.
A total of 163 statues of national heroes will be built across the border regions of Indonesia. The construction of a monument of national heroes in the area becomes a symbol of the seriousness of the government to build the border area as the front guard of Indonesia. As one of the border areas, Natuna district also gets the opportunity to build statue of Indonesian national heroes, such as the statue of the Indonesian independence proclamator, Soekarno. Head of Border Management Agency (BPP) of Natuna Regency,Marka, in Ranai Friday 23/3/2018) said the monument will be placed on Kencana Ranai beach. Marka said, the aim of placing the monument of Sukarno in Kencana beach, in addition to remember the area is in the middle of the Capital District Natuna, is also expected to be one of the attractions for tourists.
The administrators of New Bintan Airport are asked to proactively cooperate with national and international airlines that have potential to operate at New Bintan Airport. Therefore the existence of runway and New Bintan Airport which is currently under construction needs to be socialized to the international world. Director General of Air Transportation, Agus Santoso, while visiting Bintan (22/3/2018) said, besides the publication, what is important is, the coordination in support of flight safety is also well socialized. The new airport will have a runway length of 3,500 meters so that it can serve the operational of wide bodied aircraft directly from foreign countries. The existence of this airport is very good to support tourism in Bintan area, especially the western region which has been developed into an international tourism area.
March
Bali is one of the famous tourism places in the world. Besides its beautiful natural landscape, Bali has been known for its cultural heritage, including dances. Ubud as one of the foremost cities in Bali is known as Yoga center due to its calm, tranquil atmosphere, beautiful and cool naturel. From April 2 until 8, 20187, Ubud wil host Bali Spirit Festival 2018, the eleventh one of its kind, centered at Bhanuswari Resort and Spa. This event will be enlivened and attended by world’s renowned musicians, yogis and dancers from all over the world. Yoga, dance and music to be staged at Bali Spirit Festival 2018 are expected to attract 7 thousand people across the world every year. The festival will stage workshop, interactive seminar, yoga class, concert, and live music amongst rice fields. The festival will also stage Balinese traditional performance, Bhakti music and Kirta, Satsang , attended by some guest stars like Jeffrey Armstrong and Sri Prem Baba. Ubud is a place with inspirative tropical beauty. There will be workshops at Bali Spirit Festival 2018 about African Dance, Ecstatic Dance, Sound Healing, Health and Nutrition, the Business of Yoga, Acro Yoga, Tantra, various Breathwork, meditation, and so on. There will be several levels of workshops starting from beginner, experienced-yoga, and general public. A night concert themed "One World One Stage" will take place at Agung Rai Museum of Art (ARMA) open stage in the city center of Ubud. A series of this unique concert will combine traditional and contemporer Balinese and Indonesian music with all music genre from accross the world. On the last 2017, the concert attended by foremost musicians among others Xavier Rudd, Gipsy Brooklyn, Colleena Shakti, Elijah Ray, Haji Basim, The Hanumen, and many more. Bali Spirit Festival brings the essential of Balinese Hindu teachings, which is harmonious life with spiritual, social, and natural environment, It has become the main attraction for society from various levels. Over the past 10 years, Bali Spirit Festival has been working with partner organizations in Bali, as well as international yoga teachers and musicians, to collect over US $ 65,000 fund for annual Karma Festival events. The funds are used for children's programs, education and multicultural performances, health clinics, HIV & AIDS awareness, and environmental protection. Bali Spirit Festival is a celebration of cultural well, environmental sanctity, and harmony among people from various tribes of the world.
March
Indonesia confirmed that ASEAN must show its key role in solving Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership negotiation because the negotiation is targeted to be solves this year. This was stated by Director General of International Trade Negotiation at the Trade Ministry, Iman Pambagyo who is RCEP Trade Negotiating Committee (TNC) Chair after leading the 2nd meeting of Senior Economic Officials' Meeting for 49th ASEAN Economic Ministers which was held on March 21-24, 2018 in Nusa Dua, Bali. The ASEAN members discussed the results of inter-sessional meeting of the 4th RCEP ministers and the target is expected to be able to be reached on the next round. The element of RCEP cooperation which must be pursued to be resolved includes trade cooperation of goods, rules of origin, service trade, investment, and competition. The meeting also discussed preparedness of the 5th RCEP Inter-sessional Ministerial Meeting which will be held on July 1, 2018 in Tokyo, Japan. The 2nd day of the meeting also discussed some internal issues of ASEAN in service sector.
Indonesian entrepreneurs succeeded to record potential transaction worth $30.7 million dollars in one-on-one business matching which was held in Taiwan on Friday (23/3). The one-on-one business matching is a trade mission of Indonesian Trade Ministry to Taiwan which ended on Sunday (25/3). Employment service dominated the potential transaction. Director General of National Export Development, Arlinda explained that the biggest contribution on the potential transaction came from employment service with the value more than $15 million dollars. The second biggest one was investment worth $9.5 million dollars, followed by trade of goods worth $6.2 million dollars. The attractive products in the one-on-one business matching were like beauty care, coffee, instant food, skilled manpower service as well as investment in various sectors, namely logistic and warehousing; cosmetic industry; recycling cable industry; recycling copper industry; medical equipment industry; and coating material services industry. In the event, there is potential investment project of factory’s development on waste products of palm oil as raw materials of fiber glass for airplane’s body by Yeu Fong International Technology Corp (Taiwan). The potential will be followed up by Association of Indonesian Plantation Entrepreneurs. Meanwhile, retail transaction in one day of the Indonesian Week 2018 exhibition on Sunday (25/3) was worth $33 thousand dollars. The products which were in demand for retail are furniture, coffee, food and beverage, silver and pearl accessories and leather product.
Indonesian Tourism Ministry prepares various strategies to develop Indonesian culinary. One of them is through culinary destination certification and co-branding ‘Wonderful Indonesia’ with restaurant overseas. Chairman of Team for the Acceleration of Culinary Tourism Development and Shoppingof Indonesian at the Tourism Ministry, Vita Datau Messakh said that her side will sign 10 restaurants in Australia, Singapore, Malaysia, the Netherlands, France and the United States of America. According to the target in 2018, there are 100 agreements with restaurants of diaspora Indonesia in various countries.
March
Governor of Bangka Belitung Islands, Erzaldi Rosman said that strategy to promote white pepper which has been applied by the regional government in the last several months has resulted. This is proven with the arrival of the potential buyers from abroad. Erzaldi said in Pangkalpinang on Saturday (24/3) that the strategy to increase trade of 'Muntok White Pepper' starts showing a good result. After participating in international spicy conference in Jaifur, India recently, foreign buyers began to come to Bangka Belitung. Currently, there are spice buyers from India and Singapore who want to see quality of the local white pepper. The arrival of the international buyers was welcomed by Head of Trade and Industry Office of Bangka Belitung province. The meeting was continued with visiting the Puding village because the buyers wanted to see directly the quality of Bangka Belitung white pepper. The international spice traders were amazed when they knew the government through cooperatives also pick up peppers from the farmers' houses.
Management of I Gusti Ngurah Rai International Airport, Bali changes plastic bags which were brought by passengers with cloth bags. The step is to commemorate energy and environment saving campaign or Earth Hour. Head of airport service group of PT Angkasa Pura I, Ramdan Pradarma at terminal of international departure of Ngurah Rai airport, said in Kuta, Badung regency, on Saturday (24/3), his office barters plastic bags brought by passengers in order to raise their awareness of saving environment. The Airports office spread teams at the two terminals to change plastic bags with non-plastic black bags inscribed Earth Hour. After changing plastic, the passengers who will leave Bali, were invited to sign supporting petition to save the environment and global energy.
Provincial government of West Java continues to encourage the expansion of Forest Park, Ir H Djuanda as one of solutions to minimize ecological disasters in Bandung region. According to West Java governor, Ahmad Heryawan, the provincial government of West Java began in 2010 until 2017, succeeded to release nearly 16 hectare enclave land at a grand forest park. The acquisition of more than 10 hectare land is not done yet. The governor asserted that his office will keep to conduct the acquisition of land enclave in border area which is controlled by people so that development of forest park, will increase water ivolvedt area to avoid ecological disaster in Bandung.
March
After death sentence of an Indonesian worker from Madura in Saudi Arabia, the Malang administration asks for confirmation on the trial of sending Indonesian workers to Saudi Arabia in April. The Malang administration should explain this to the candidates of Indonesian labors who want to work in Saudi Arabia. This was stated by head of manpower placement section of manpower office of Malang regency, Sukardi, to RRI, on Tuesday (20/3). Sukardi said, Ministerial Decree No. 260/2015 on the cessation and prohibition of the placement of Indonesian manpower for personal employment in Middle Eastern countries has become absolute reference for the regional government of Malang. Sukardi also explained that a lot of Malang residents wanted to work in Saudi Arabia but they were rejected in the document process. Manpower office has rejected residents who wanted to go to Saudi Arabia with the reason that they received Calling Visa from their employers and wanted to join their relatives working in Saudi Arab due to the moratorium.
Bangka Belitung Waters which belong to the fishery processing region W711, must be clean from cantrang or seine nets operation. This was stated by Fishery Supervisor of the Supervisory Unit of Marine and Fishery Ministry, Kori Apriyanto, in Pangkal Balam, Pangkal Pinang, on Tuesday (20/3). According to Kori Apriyanto, cantrang or seine nets are only permitted by Marine and Fishery Ministry to operate in Central Java region or WPP 712 region. Kori added that quite a lot of mini trawls are operating in Bangka Belitung region. The Supervisory Unit of Marine and Fishery Ministry would seize those illegal fishing gears. The identity cards of fishermen using illegal fishing gear, would be recorded and reported to the central government, so that the government could change their fishing gears with the environment friendly fishing gears.
The government of Denpasar city has established cooperation with Japan in the field of education and culture. According to founder of Japanese language course, Mataken Gakko, I G.K. Pujawan, the cooperation is more solid, because various universities in Japan are ready to give free Japanese language course for Balinese people. Currently, Tottori university has sent four students to teach Japanese language at Mataken Gakko in Tohpati, Denpasar. The cooperation is fully supported by the Denpasar administration. The local government also supports the Mataken Gakko institute. This was stated by Pujawan when meeting with regional secretary of Denpasar, AAN Rai Iswara, in Denpasar, on Tuesday (20/3). Furthermore Pujawan said that in addition to teach Japanese language, they also learn Balinese culture. They had followed Nyepi procession, beginning from Melasti ceremony to the beach until pengerupukan ceremony.
March
Regional government of Southeast Maluku encourages "one village one product" program to indicate commitment of the region in optimizing potential of its tourism sector. Acting Regent of Southeast Maluku, Samuel Risembessy, in press release on Saturday, mentioned that his office continues to conduct various efforts to enhance tourism potential by using 93 percent of the Sea territory, especially Kei island. Thus, local government also makes plan of tourism program with the theme "one village, one product" which tries to create the main products either culinary, craft, or art from their villages in Southeast Maluku. The Regent also stated that Southeast Maluku improves tourism potential through "Wonderful Sail 2018" event which will be held on July 23 to 27 this year. For Wonderful Sail 2018 event, his office will focus to provide the main products from each village in Southeast Maluku regency as attraction.
Provincial government of Bangka Belitung made serious efforts to increase the number of the tourist visit with the title sport-tourism Audax Bangka 2018 among others held in Pangkalpinang and Bangka, on Saturday (17/3). The event was participated in by 220 bikers from Indonesia and abroad, namely from Singapore, Norway and Denmark. Regional secretary of Bangka Belitung, Yan Megawandi said that Audax Bangka 2018 was the first event in Bangka Belitung and the regional government support it because it has positive value. Yan Megawandi in releasing participants said in Pangkalpinang, on Saturday (17/3) that Bangka Belitung should be a tourist destination, among others for sport-tourism.
Natural Resources Conservation Office (BKSDA) of West Sumatera through Forest Ecosystem Controller of Agam Resort, Ade Putra said on Saturday (17/3/2018) that Rafflesia flower of Tuan Mudae type, currently blooms at forest conservation, Jorong Marambuang, Nagari Baringin, Palembayan district, Agam regency. The rare flower began to bloom on March 13. The flower still blooms for 10 days. The Rafflesia flower with male gender has 5 groups and diameter around 84.8 Cm. According to Ade Putra, after blooming, the flower petals will get old and black and rotten. The flower has attracted a number of parties to make research on it, including students and researchers from various universities in Sumatra.